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- |wWhat is a |rfractal?|w Why are they |rimportant?|w
- Have you ever heard of |rfractals|w before?
-
- Fractals are an amazing new field of science that
- includes areas in math, computer science, and natural
- sciences. The following is a concise and hopefully
- easy to understand summary of the concept of fractals.
-
- The |gdefinition|w of a |rfractal|w has not yet been fully
- developed. There are so many types and they are so
- |gdiverse|w that it is hard to classify them under one
- definition. Here is one attempt as stated by |gBenoit Mandelbrot:
-
- |gFRACTAL: |yA shape made of parts similar to the whole
- in some way.|r
- @Press [ENTER] to see two examples of FRACTALS.
- ~kochis.pcx
- ~fncyfrac.pcx
- |wHere are some other definitions that will be used throughout
- to describe |rfractals.|w
-
- |gFRACTAL GEOMETRY: |yThe mathematical study of fractals.
-
- |gIMAGINARY NUMBER: |yAn imaginary number is the square root
- of a negative real number.
- The simplest imaginary number is denoted by |ri|y i = √-1.
- Imaginary numbers are usually written in the form z = a + bi
- where z is the imaginary number, and a and b are real numbers.
- |wEX: 2.046 + 1.05i is an |gIMAGINARY NUMBER|w
- |ra|y is known as the |greal part|y, and |rb|y is known as the |gimaginary
- part|y
- Imaginary numbers can be graphed on an X-Y axis by replacing
- a and b with x and y, the number becomes z = x + yi.
- To plot the imaginary number z, just plot the point on the
- graph (x,y).
-
- |gFUNCTION: |yYou can think of a function as a black box.
- You put one number in, and get another number out.
- Functions with real numbers are written in the form:
- |rf(x) = equation|y, where x is the input number,
- and the equation is what is done by the function.
- |wEX: f(x) = x², x = 2, f(2) = 2² = 4
- |yFunctions with imaginary numbers are written f(z) but
- the rest is the same.
-
- |gITERATE: |yTo repeat any operation, using the previous
- output value as new input. The first input value is known
- as the |gSEED.|y
- |wEX:
- |wlet |yf(x) |g= |yx² (the function f(x) - input value is x)
- |wlet |yx0 |g= |y2 (the seed x0 is given the value of 2)
- |yx1 |g= |yf(x0) |g= |r2² |g= |r4
- |yx2 |g= |yf(x1) |g= |yf(f(x0)) |g= |yf²(x0) |g= |r4² |g= |r16
- |yx3 |g= |yf(x2) |g= |yf(f(f(x0))) |g= |yfÇ(x0) |g= |r16² |g= |r256
-
- |gORBIT: |yThe sequence of numbers obtained from an iteration.
- |wEX: The orbit of the above example is 2, 4, 16, 256, ···
-
- |gSELF-SIMILARITY: |yThe property of looking the same no matter
- how much an object is zoomed in. |rFractals|y exhibit self-similarity.
- |wEX: A cloud is self similar, you cannot tell how big a cloud is
- just by looking at it.
-
- |gFRACTAL DIMENSION:|y 1-D objects exist in 1 plane - X. A Line
- is 1-D. 2-D objects exist in two planes - X and Y.
- A drawing on a piece of paper is 2-D. 3-D objects exist in three
- planes - X, Y, and Z. A chair is a 3-D object.
- |gFractals|y fall in the cracks |gbetween|y 1,2, and 3-d objects.
- Their dimensions are not integers like 1,2,3 they are real
- numbers, like 1.2535.
- This comes from the fact the fractals have an infinite amount
- of detail, no matter how far you zoom in, there is always more
- to see. This makes fractals fun to |rEXPLORE.|w
-
- |rGo on to the next section to learn about CREATING FRACTALS.
- @Press [ENTER] to return to menu...
-